Wound infection is one of many, but at the same time the most serious complication in the treatment of burns. The development of infection particularly concerns patients with deep burns of intermediate and full thickness of skin. In severe thermal, chemical or electrical burns the skin immune system (SIS) in the burn wound is damaged or destroyed. The SIS phenomenon is one of the causes of post-traumatic immunosuppression in the burn wound and systemic anti-infectious response. The risk of burn wound infection and systemic infection is correlated with the burn area. The aim of the study is to discuss the currently used methods of prevention, effective control and treatment of an infected burn wound. It discusses criteria for infection recognition, immunosuppressive limiting methods, standards and newly introduced methods of removing dead tissues, antimicrobial agents and methods to reduce the risk of bacterial transfer between patients. Prevention, control and treatment of an infected burn wound requires a multidisciplinary approach, including close cooperation between a nurse and a physician. The patient’s deep and extensive burn care process is designed to reduce the risk of developing burns and prevent critical infection that not only prolongs the healing process but also can lead to generalized infection. The patient care plan should be based on up-to-date medical knowledge and updated regularly.

Key words: burn, burn wound, immunosuppression, infection, prevention, infection control, antiseptics, dressings.